Lunar libration, the sub-Earth point, the axis and bright-limb position angles, and with the terminator token the sub-solar point and the colongitude that fixes where the terminator falls

The instant to evaluate. ISO 8601: a date (2026-06-21), or a date and time with an optional seconds, fraction and either Z or a numeric UTC offset (+hh:mm, no seconds). No offset and no tz reads as UTC. Or jd: followed by a Julian Day on the UT scale, read as UTC whatever tz says: jd:2461000.5 is 2025-11-21T00:00:00Z. Reliable from 1700 to 2200.

The start of a range query, inclusive. ISO 8601: a date (2026-06-21), or a date and time with an optional seconds, fraction and either Z or a numeric UTC offset (+hh:mm, no seconds). No offset and no tz reads as UTC. Or jd: followed by a Julian Day on the UT scale, read as UTC whatever tz says: jd:2461000.5 is 2025-11-21T00:00:00Z. Reliable from 1700 to 2200.

The end of a range query. A row landing exactly on end IS returned: the window is [start, end]. Every endpoint's rule is published as data under limits.range_boundaries in /v2/conventions. ISO 8601: a date (2026-06-21), or a date and time with an optional seconds, fraction and either Z or a numeric UTC offset (+hh:mm, no seconds). No offset and no tz reads as UTC. Or jd: followed by a Julian Day on the UT scale, read as UTC whatever tz says: jd:2461000.5 is 2025-11-21T00:00:00Z. Reliable from 1700 to 2200.

Sampling stride for a range query: a number plus a unit, one of min, m (minute), h (hour), d (day), w (week), mo (month) or y (year), for example 1h, 6h or 1d. Resolves to at least 1 minute and at most 1 year. Needs start. This is the generic grammar; an endpoint that narrows it documents the narrowing on its own step parameter, and /v2/conventions publishes every narrowing under limits.step_grammar.endpoint_policies.

Number of rows to return from a range query, counted forward from start. Mutually exclusive with end.

Latitude in decimal degrees, north positive. No compass suffix (do not append N or S). Required together with lon, or neither.

Longitude in decimal degrees, east positive. No compass suffix (do not append E or W). Required together with lat, or neither.

Observer elevation above mean sea level, in metres. Raises the observer on a locally flat plateau; sea-horizon dip is not modeled.

A place name (place=London), a name with a country (place=Cambridge,GB), or a stable identifier from GET /v2/places (place=id:us-n35198-w111651). Supplies lat, lon and, unless tz is also sent, the time zone. Mutually exclusive with sending lat and lon directly. Withheld unless GET /v2 reports capabilities.place_lookup true.

best guesses the intended place when a name is ambiguous and reports the guess as a warning. error refuses an ambiguous name with 400 AMBIGUOUS_PLACE and the candidates in supported. Only meaningful with place.

An IANA time zone name, for example Europe/London or America/Chicago. Numeric offsets and abbreviations are not accepted. Governs how a date-only or offset-free at/start/end is read, and how local instants are rendered when time_format=iso. Before 1970 the tz database records the history of a zone for its principal location only, and some names are links to another zone: the tz_source_boundary_1970 warning names whose history was used, and tzdb_lmt_interval marks a local mean time. Neither changes an offset.

How to resolve a local time that a clock repeated, such as the return from daylight saving. error refuses with 409 AMBIGUOUS_LOCAL_TIME.

How to resolve a local time that never happened, such as inside a spring-forward gap. error refuses with 400 NONEXISTENT_LOCAL_TIME.

Comma-separated optional blocks to include; terminator adds the sub-solar point and colongitude. Omit for the endpoint default set.

normal applies Saemundsson refraction to apparent altitude; none reports the unrefracted geometric altitude.

How instants are rendered: iso for ISO 8601 strings carrying the effective offset, or unix for integer seconds since the epoch. An ISO offset has no seconds field, so an instant in a pre-1972 local mean time era whose offset has seconds (Moscow +02:30:17 until 1916) is written in UTC with a Z; utc_offset_seconds stays exact, utc_offset_iso rounds it to the nearest minute, and the tzdb_lmt_interval warning says so.

Response representation. Each endpoint serves a subset of json, csv and txt; see that operation's description for the exact list, or GET /v2 for every endpoint's formats array. An unsupported value is 400 BAD_FORMAT with the accepted list in supported.

Comma-separated dot paths into data (for example moon.phase_name,moon.illumination) so only those fields are returned. Up to 64 paths; an array element is addressed by its object key, never by index.

nested returns the documented object tree. flat returns one object with dotted keys, format=json only.

Decimal places for numeric fields.

Whether the JSON body is indented (1) or compact (0). Has no effect on csv or txt.

full includes prose notes, frame definitions and withheld-field reasons in meta. compact keeps every value and every machine-readable name and drops the prose.